Pink Sallow

Psectraglaea carnosa (Grote, 1877)

Pink Sallow
Hugh D. McGuinness

Class
Insecta (Insects)
Family
Noctuidae (Owlet Moths)
State Protection
Not Listed
Not listed or protected by New York State.
Federal Protection
Not Listed
State Conservation Status Rank
S2
Imperiled in New York - Very vulnerable to disappearing from New York due to rarity or other factors; typically 6 to 20 populations or locations in New York, very few individuals, very restricted range, few remaining acres (or miles of stream), and/or steep declines.
Global Conservation Status Rank
G3
Vulnerable globally - At moderate risk of extinction due to rarity or other factors; typically 80 or fewer populations or locations in the world, few individuals, restricted range, few remaining acres (or miles of stream), and/or recent and widespread declines.

Summary

Did you know?

The color of the pink sallow matches the fall foliage of blueberry and other heath shrubs upon which it commonly rests.

State Ranking Justification

Within New York State, three populations of the pink sallow are known to occur on Long Island. The species is probably more widespread on Long Island, but it may no longer occur elsewhere in New York.

Short-term Trends

The three documented populations on Long Island are more or less protected. Aside from fluctuations due to fire or lack of fire, the abundance of the species has probably not changed significantly in recent decades.

Long-term Trends

There is much uncertainty about the original extent of the range of the pink sallow in New York State, but the species may no longer occur in the mainland. The origin of the Poughkeepsie specimen is unknown, and it is not known whether any populations occur now in that area. Like much of the barrens fauna, the species no longer occurs at Albany. It might have disappeared from the Albany area before 1900.

Conservation and Management

Threats

Threats include destruction of habitat due to development, loss of habitat due to natural succession if fires are prevented in fire-maintained habitats, and complete burns of occupied habitats during seasons when vulnerable life stages (e.g., eggs, larvae, or adults) exist above ground and would be obliterated by a complete burn (i.e., from October through June, and perhaps longer northward). Some suitable habitats can persist for 50 years or more without fires, but others (such as the formerly occupied habitats at Albany) would probably become unsuitable within 30 years or less without fires.

Conservation Strategies and Management Practices

Maintaining suitable habitat is the main management need. The best time for fires in fire-maintained habitats is when the pink sallow exists as prepupal larvae underground, from July- August. Entire habitats should not be burned at once. Habitats should be burned in patches, always with some unburned areas left as refugia for the species (Wagner et al. 2003).

Research Needs

Research is needed to better understand the habitat needs of the pink sallow and the impact of fire on the species.

Habitat

Habitat

Typical habitats are large pine barrens, including dwarf pine areas, on sandy or acidic rocky substrates. In other states, populations can occur in scrub oak thickets with little or no pine. These habitats can include airport approach zones. An abundance of low heaths such as blueberries seems to be the most consistent feature. The pine canopy is typically sparse (less than 50%). Most habitats rangewide appear to be more than 1000 acres, and the species is absent from many pine barrens that appear to provide suitable habitat. Moths captured in other habitats are generally strays, and several strays have been documented from places in adjacent states with several to many trap years of effort.

Associated Ecological Communities

  • Dwarf pine plains (guide)
    A woodland community dominated by dwarf individuals of pitch pine and scrub oak that occurs on nearly level outwash sand and gravel plains in eastern Long Island. The soils are infertile, coarse textured sands that are excessively well-drained.
  • Maritime heathland (guide)
    A dwarf shrubland community that occurs on rolling outwash plains and moraine of the glaciated portion of the Atlantic coastal plain, near the ocean and within the influence of onshore winds and salt spray.
  • Pitch pine-oak-heath woodland (guide)
    A pine barrens community that occurs on well-drained, infertile, sandy soils. The structure of this community is intermediate between a shrub-savanna and a woodland. Pitch pine and white oak are the most abundant trees.

Associated Species

  • Herodias or Pine Barrens Underwing (Catocala herodias gerhardi) (guide)
  • Jair Underwing (Catocala jair)
  • Waxed Sallow (Chaetaglaea cerata) (guide)
  • Barrens Chaetaglaea (Chaetaglaea rhonda)
  • The Buckmoth (Hemileuca maia)

Range

New York State Distribution

The pink sallow is fairly widespread on Long Island. There is a 1966 specimen from Poughkeepsie (North Carolina State University). The species was collected from the Albany Pine Bush in 1881 (specimen verified by Tim McCabe), but it was not confirmed from the Albany Pine Bush in the 20th century, and it no longer occurs there. The species may occur in the Shawangunks, and it is possible it occurs in far northern New York.

Global Distribution

The pink sallow has a very spotty range. It originally occurred from southern Maine west very spottily through southern Quebec and Ontario to Michigan and northern Wisconsin, south in the eastern part of its range into northeastern Pennsylvania (extant, 1990s) and southern New Jersey (mainly in the core of the Pine Barrens). It is no longer found in Maine and the mainland of New York, and it may not occur in Connecticut or Rhode Island. Its status is unclear in Quebec and Ontario. There are no records from Vermont, Ohio, Indiana, or Illinois. There was one known population in western Pennsylvania, which may still exist. Populations are most concentrated in extensive sandy barrens areas of central Wisconsin, northern Michigan, northeastern Pennsylvania, coastal Massachusetts, and southern New Jersey.

Best Places to See

  • David A. Sarnoff Pine Barrens Preserve (Suffolk County)

Identification Comments

Identifying Characteristics

The pink sallow is a moderately large moth, with a wingspan of approximately 38-45 mm. It usually has bright pink forewings and almost white hind wings. The antennae of males are pectinate (feathery). The species is usually unmistakable. See the illustrations in Rockburne and LaFonatinae (1976) and Handfield (1999). Many individuals are brighter, and some are duller. A few have the pink greatly reduced and are then a dull dark olive color. Even so, there is probably always some pink, and the white hind wings and male antennae should be distinctive. The larvae are reddish brown with no obvious pattern. They are probably at least superficially indistinguishable from Eucirroedia pampina.

Characters Most Useful for Identification

Characteristics most useful for identification include size, pink forewings, feathered antennae (of males), and autumn flight period.

Best Life Stage for Proper Identification

The adult is the best life stage for identification. Currently, no other stage can be positively identified.

Behavior

Occasionally, adults can be found resting during the day on heath shrubs or scrub oaks. Sometimes they flush on hot days. They come to blacklights and other lights but rarely to bait. They might fly only briefly on a given night, and their flight time may vary from night to night, possibly due to temperature.

Diet

Larvae apparently feed on new growth, flowers, and developing fruits of blueberry, scrub oak, and other shrubs in their barrens habitats.

Best Time to See

The best time to see the pink sallow is during its flight season. Adults fly mostly in October on Long Island, although a few might emerge in late September or persist into November. The summer is spent as prepupal larvae in the soil, but it is not known how deep the larvae burrow. The phenology given should apply to the southern part of the state. If the species occurs in northern New York, eggs would hatch sometime in May, and larvae would be present until late June or early July. Adults might appear before September 15.

  • Reproducing
  • Larvae present and active
  • Eggs present outside adult
  • Pupae or prepupae present

The time of year you would expect to find Pink Sallow reproducing, larvae present and active, eggs present outside adult, and pupae or prepupae present in New York.

Pink Sallow Images

Taxonomy

Pink Sallow
Psectraglaea carnosa (Grote, 1877)

  • Kingdom Animalia
    • Phylum Arthropoda (Mandibulates)
      • Class Insecta (Insects)
        • Order Lepidoptera (Butterflies, Skippers, and Moths)
          • Family Noctuidae (Owlet Moths)

Additional Resources

References

Crumb, S. E. 1956. The larvae of the Phalaenidae [=Noctuidae]. U.S.D.A. Tech. Bull. No. 1135. 356 pp.

Forbes, William T. M. 1954. Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states part III. Cornell University Experiment Station Memoir 329.

Handfield, Louis, 1999. Le Guide des Papillons du Quebec, Scientific Version. Broquet Inc, Boucherville, Quebec, Canada, 155pp + plates.

McCabe, Timothy L. 1990. Report to the Natural Heritage Program: Results of the 1990 field survey for lepidoptera (especially noctuidae). New York Natural Heritage Program, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Latham, NY. 38 pp. plus supplements.

NatureServe. 2010. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [web application]. Version 7.1. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available http://www.natureserve.org/explorer. (Data last updated August 2010)

New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. New York Natural Heritage Program Databases. Albany, NY.

North American Moth Photographers Group at the Mississippi Entomological Museum. No date. Mississippi State University, Mississippi. http://mothphotographersgroup.msstate.edu/MainMenu.shtml

Opler, Paul A., Kelly Lotts, and Thomas Naberhaus, coordinators. 2010. Butterflies and Moths of North America. Bozeman, MT: Big Sky Institute. <http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/> (accessed May 2010).

Rockburne, E. W., and J. D. LaFontaine. 1976. The cutworm moths of Ontario and Quebec. Research Branch, Canada Department of Agriculture. Publication 1593. 164 pp.

Wagner, D. L., D. F. Schweitzer, J. B. Sullivan, and R. C. Reardon. 2008. Owlet Caterpillars of Eastern North America (Lepidoptera: Noctudiae)

Wagner, David L., Nelson, Michael W., and Schweitzer, Dale F. 2003. Shrubland Lepidoptera of southern New England and southeastern New York: ecology, conservation, and management. Forest Ecology and Management 185: 95-112.

Links

About This Guide

This guide was authored by: Dale Schweitzer and Andrea Chaloux

Information for this guide was last updated on: February 9, 2012

Please cite this page as:
New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Psectraglaea carnosa. Available from: https://guides.nynhp.org/pink-sallow/. Accessed March 29, 2024.